Which shows the first ionization energies of successive elements across period 2, from left to right?

C

The first eight successive ionization energies for an element are shown. In which group is the element?

Copyright Prof Mark Winter.

A.  6

B.  7

C.  8

D.  17

A

Which statement explains why the second ionization energy of aluminium is higher than the first ionization energy of magnesium?

A.  Ionization energy increases along period 3.

B.  3p electrons are at a higher energy level than 3s electrons.

C.  3p electrons are further away from the nucleus than 2p electrons.

D.  Both have the same number of electrons and aluminium has one more proton.

D

Which statement explains one of the decreases in first ionization energy (I.E.) across period 3?

A.     The nuclear charge of element Al is greater than element Mg.

B.     The electron-electron repulsion is greater, for the electron with the opposite spin, in element S than in element P.

C.     A new sub-level is being filled at element S.

D.     The p orbital being filled in element Al is at a lower energy than the s orbital in element Mg.

B

The values for the first three successive ionization energies for two elements X and Z are given.

Which pair of elements represents X and Z?

B

Which element is in group 13?

B

The majority of candidates could identify the group an element belongs in based on its successive ionization energies.

The graph represents the first ten ionisation energies (IE) of an element.

What is the element?

A. O

B. S

C. Ne

D. Cl

B

Which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom emits the least energy?

A. n = 2 to n = 1

B. n = 3 to n = 1

C. n = 4 to n = 2

D. n = 4 to n = 3

D

81 % of the candidates identified the transition the emits the least energy in the given four transitions in the hydrogen atom (which was n=4 to n=3). The most commonly chosen distractor was A (n=2 to n=1) which means these candidates did not realize that the energy levels in the hydrogen atom converge at higher energy.

The graph shows the first ionization energies of some consecutive elements.

Which statement is correct?

A.     Y is in group 3

B.     Y is in group 10

C.     X is in group 5

D.     X is in group 18

D

Which element is represented by the first eight successive ionization energies on the graph?

A. Mg

B. S

C. Cl

D. Ar

B

52 % of candidates could identify the element for successive ionization energies with no clear misconception based on the other choices.

A period 3 element, M, forms an oxide of the type M₂O. Which represents the first four successive ionization energies of M?

A

The graph shows the first six ionization energies of an element.

^{[Ionization energies of the elements (data page) Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_
elements_(data_page) Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 (CC BY-SA
3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.]}

In which group is the element?

A.  13

B.  14

C.  15

D.  16

A

A good number of candidates recognized the element based on the graph showing the first six ionization of the element.

The diagram shows the first ionisation energies of consecutive elements in the same period of the periodic table.

Which factor explains why element X has a higher first ionisation energy than element Y?

A.  Element Y loses an electron from a different sub-level.

B.  Element Y has a smaller atomic radius.

C.  Element X has a full octet.

D.  Element Y has a greater nuclear charge.

A

Which transition on the diagram corresponds to the ionization of hydrogen in the ground state?

A